Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares y las redes micorrízicas comunes benefician a las plantas a través de caracteres morfológicos, fisiológicos y productivos y la calidad del suelo

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2022.59.2/2022.12.02

Palabras clave:

Redes micorrízicas comunes, caracteres morfológicos, fisiológicos y productivos, calidad de suelo

Resumen

Las hifas extraradicales de los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) de un sistema radical vegetal se proveen de nutrientes del suelo e inducen la colonización de las raíces de las plantas cercanas. Esto conduce a la formación de redes micorrízicas comunes (RMCs) que interconectan los sistemas radicales. La inoculación con los HMA puede incrementar la longitud radical, el área superficial y el volumen de las plántulas en suelos kársticos limitados en nutrientes. La simbiosis micorrízica es capaz de secretar glomalina que incrementa el almacenaje de agua y nutrientes en los agregados del suelo, a través de una extensión de las hifas que permite absorber agua y nutrientes desde largas distancias. Los HMA pueden enriquecer la actividad de las enzimas que están en la rizosfera del suelo, y pueden ayudar a incrementar el secuestro de carbono. Los HMA también benefician el crecimiento de las plantas mejorando la estructura y textura del suelo. Como resultado, los HMA y las RMCs benefician a las plantas modificando el suelo y mejorando caracteres morfológicos (ej., longitud de hifas, macollaje, número de estolones por individuo), fisiológicos (ej. eficiencia de uso del agua) y productivos (ej. pesos frescos y secos del tallo y de las raíces).

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Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares

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2022-12-05

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Busso, M. A., & Busso, M. . (2022). Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares y las redes micorrízicas comunes benefician a las plantas a través de caracteres morfológicos, fisiológicos y productivos y la calidad del suelo . Lilloa, 59(2), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2022.59.2/2022.12.02
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