Respuestas químicas del suelo a la fertilización, con o sin un cultivo de cobertura, en una finca de olivo en el sudoeste de Bueno Aires (Argentina)
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Calidad de suelo, cultivo de cobertura, fertilizante NPK, olivoResumen
Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar el efecto de la fertilización sobre las propiedades químicas del suelo en una finca de olivo (bajo riego), considerando áreas sembradas o no por un cultivo de cobertura, en el sudoeste de Buenos Aires (Argentina) durante el periodo 2020/2021. Los tratamientos de fertilización fueron (1) abono orgánico aplicado al suelo cercano al tronco del árbol; fertilización inorgánica aplicada al (2) suelo o a (3) las hojas de los árboles de Olea europaea L., y (4) control no fertilizado. La siembra de Vicia benghalensis L. y Avena sativa L. alrededor de subparcelas (una para cada uno de los 4 tratamientos estudiados) constituyeron las áreas con cultivo de cobertura. Las subparcelas que no fueron sembradas correspondieron a áreas control. El pH del suelo fue más bajo (p<0.05) cuando se fertilizó en forma orgánica e inorgánica. En áreas sin cultivo de cobertura en abril, la concentración de nitrato del suelo fue mayor (p<0.05) en el tratamiento con fertilización orgánica del suelo que en el control. A 0-20 cm de profundidad del suelo la concentración de P fue mayor (p<0.05) en las fertilizaciones orgánica e inorgánica del suelo que en los otros tratamientos. Las mayores (p<0.05) concentraciones de K se observaron en el tratamiento de fertilización orgánica del suelo. La fertilización orgánica del suelo en áreas sin un cultivo de cobertura mostró mayores valores para las características químicas del suelo estudiadas.
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