Abscisic acid, and abscisic acid-induced water stress tolerance in mycorrhizal herbaceous and olive (Olea europaea) plants

Mariano Andrés Busso

doi:10.30550/j.lil/1689

Autores/as

Mariano A. Busso Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Bahía Blanca, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-6609

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/1689

Palabras clave:

Estrés hídrico, fitohormonas, micorrizas arbusculares, olivo, tolerancia al estrés

Resumen

La expansión de áreas afectadas por la sequía en el mundo tiene un efecto negativo en el rendimiento y la producción de cosechas, haciendo que el estrés hídrico sea el estrés abiótico más significativo que limita el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. El uso de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) es una estrategia que alivia los efectos de este estrés de una manera sostenible. Esto es debido al incremento en la tolerancia al estrés hídrico en plantas inoculadas con estos hongos. La agricultura moderna está enfrentando el desafío para asegurar una demanda global de alimentos. Sin embargo, el cambio climático está causando un incremento de temperatura que conduce a la producción de severas sequías en algunas áreas. Numerosas técnicas biotecnológicas se están utilizando para superar los efectos producidos por este estrés. Entre ellas, se piensa que el uso de los HMA es un excelente enfoque para reducir tales efectos. Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares proveen tolerancia al estrés hídrico por medio de mecanismos bioquímicos y fisiológicos. Algunos de los mecanismos incluyen la modificación de los balances hormonales comprendiendo los ácidos abscisico, giberélico, salicílico y jasmónico, y las strigolactonas. La simbiosis de los HMA cambia la expresión de las acuaporinas (canales que transportan agua) de la membrana plasmática y el tonoplasto, lo cual mejora el estado hídrico de la planta.

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