English (USA) Anatomical and histochemical findings of Andean tuber peels: Potential for their nutraceutical application

Cecilia Hebe Orphèe; María Inés  Mercado; Elena Cartagena

doi:10.30550/j.lil/2281

Autores/as

Cecilia Hebe Orphèe Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Tucumán, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7556-9558
María Inés Mercado Instituto de Morfología Vegetal, Área Botánica, Fundación Miguel Lillo. Tucumán, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8128-3377
Elena Cartagena Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia (UNT). Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria-INBIOFAL (CONICET-UNT). Tucumán, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-0282

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2281

Palabras clave:

Oxalis tuberosa, Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena, Ullucus tuberosus, nutraceutical potential, natural products

Resumen

El presente estudio se centró en caracterizar la anatomía y la distribución histoquímica de metabolitos bioactivos en las cáscaras de ocho tubérculos andinos, así como en evaluar el potencial de sus extractos para favorecer el desarrollo de la bacteria probiótica Lactobacillus acidophilus, vislumbrando sus potenciales aplicaciones. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de las cáscaras de Ullucus tuberosus Caldas (Basellaceae), de dos variedades de Oxalis tuberosa Mol. (Oxalidaceae) y de cinco variedades de Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena (Solanaceae), obtenidas en mercados tradicionales de la Puna argentina. Se evaluaron extractos acuosos, etanólicos y acetato de etilo por su capacidad para promover la formación de biofilm y el crecimiento de L. acidophilus La-14 (SD5212). Las cáscaras de los tubérculos analizados presentaron una cutícula gruesa, epidermis uniestratificada y parénquima cortical amilífero. En O. tuberosa y U. tuberosus, el sistema vascular consistió en haces colaterales abiertos; mientras que S. tuberosum subsp. andigena mostró una estela anfiflóica modificada con abundante parénquima de reserva. Los idioblastos con pigmentos, como antocianinas y carotenoides, se asociaron con la coloración de los tubérculos. Los análisis histoquímicos evidenciaron compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, triterpenos y proteínas almacenadas en tejidos epidérmicos y subepidérmicos. Todos los extractos promovieron la formación del biofilm de la bacteria probiótica, de forma dosis-dependiente. Los resultados sugieren que las cáscaras de tubérculos andinos son una fuente natural de metabolitos de reconocida acción antioxidante y potencial para el desarrollo óptimo del probiótico L. acidophilus La-14 (SD5212) y el diseño futuro de formulaciones nutracéuticas sostenibles.

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