Remoción de cadmio y cobre por Desmodesmus communis (Chlorophyta, Sphaeropleales) aislada del humedal altoandino lago Junín (Perú)

Enoc Jara-Peña; Haydeé  Montoya; Ruth  Huerta; Yakov  Quinteros-Gómez; Noema Cano; Tito Sánchez; Diego Macedo; José  Gómez

doi:10.30550/j.lil/2274

Autores/as

Enoc Jara-Peña Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3264-3145
Haydeé Montoya Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9052-1093
Ruth Huerta Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2793-9209
Yakov Quinteros-Gómez Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-5971
Noema Cano Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3946-9404
Tito Sánchez Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-2128
Diego Macedo Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-1488
José Gómez Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-4606

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2274

Palabras clave:

Algas verdes, andes, biorremediación, ficorremediación

Resumen

El Lago Junín es un humedal altoandino considerado como el segundo lago más extenso del Perú. Sin embargo, este lago está disturbado con residuos de metales pesados y desechos domésticos que ingresan por el embalse de Upamayo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la eficacia de Desmodesmus communis en la extracción del cadmio y cobre. El fitoplancton se obtuvo mediante arrastre horizontal en 4 estaciones de muestreo. En el laboratorio, se sembró el fitoplancton en placas de Petri con agar y medio basal Bold (MBB). Luego, colonias microalgales fueron cultivadas en matraces con MBB líquido; la remoción de metales se determinó por diferencia entre concentración inicial y final de metales. La biomasa microalgal se calculó por diferencia entre peso inicial y peso final. Para evaluar clorofila a, se tamizaron cultivos unialgales y se agregó acetona 90 %, se centrifugó a 2500 rpm durante 5 minutos. En un espectrofotómetro de luz, en sobrenadante de clorofila se efectuaron lecturas en absorbancia de 630, 647, 664 y 750 nm. La densidad celular fue evaluada diariamente en cámara de Neubauer, y el conteo celular en un microscopio. Los resultados muestran que D. communis evaluadas con tratamientos de 40 mg L-¹de cadmio y 6 mg L^-1 de cobre permitieron obtener la mayor remoción de cadmio con 46,56 %, y de cobre 24,79 %, respectivamente. No obstante, la exposición D. communis a tratamientos de cobre y cadmio, disminuyeron la biomasa, la densidad celular y el contenido de clorofila a en comparación con el control negativo obteniendo una mayor biomasa (0,21 g L^-1), alto contenido de clorofila a (22,14 mg L^-1) y la máxima densidad celular (192,05 × 10⁵ células ml^-1). Esto sugiere que esta microalga es tolerante a cadmio y al cobre, y su extracción del agua es posible debido a mecanismos de bioacumulación.

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