Assessment of the medicinal plant potential of the Delhi Ridge, Aravalli Range: traditional knowledge, biodiversity, and therapeutic applications

Anju Kumari Ojha; Chandra Bala

doi:10.30550/j.lil/2144

Autores/as

Anju Kumari Ojha Department of Botany, Ramjas College, Delhi University https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7321-5393
Chandra Bala School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8951-0676

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2144

Palabras clave:

Atención médica sostenible, medicina tradicional, plantas medicinales, redundancia terapéutica

Resumen

Los recursos vegetales han sido cruciales para las sociedades humanas, proporcionando sustento y remedios naturales. Con la globalización, la investigación sobre plantas medicinales ha aumentado, ya que más de la mitad de los fármacos clínicamente aprobados tienen origen vegetal. Este estudio explora el conocimiento etnomedicinal y la diversidad de plantas medicinales en una región específica, destacando los perfiles demográficos de los informantes y la utilización de especies vegetales para la medicina tradicional. Se entrevistó a un total de 92 participantes, de entre 30 y 85 años, revelando un predominio de curanderos tradicionales masculinos y una correlación significativa entre la edad y el conocimiento de plantas medicinales. La investigación documentó 70 plantas medicinales de 31 familias, siendo Fabaceae la más dominante con 16 especies. Las hierbas (54%) fueron la forma de crecimiento predominante, seguidas por los árboles (26%). Las hojas (32%) fueron la parte de la planta más utilizada, y la decocción (34%) fue la formulación más popular. Los resultados indicaron un alto valor de uso (UV) para especies como Azadirachta indica (2.40) y un valor de frecuencia relativa de citación (RFC) cercano a la unidad para varias especies clave, incluidas Acacia nilotica y Prosopis cineraria. Un análisis del factor de consenso de informantes (ICF) reveló que las enfermedades digestivas tenían el valor de ICF más alto (0.94). La mayor redundancia terapéutica (10.28 unidades) se observó en especies como Euphorbia hirta, lo que resalta sus aplicaciones medicinales versátiles. Este estudio subraya la importancia de preservar el conocimiento tradicional y la diversidad vegetal para las futuras generaciones. Los estudios etnobotánicos sobre plantas indígenas son valiosos para el desarrollo farmacéutico y la atención médica sostenible.

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