Respuesta fisiológica de Trichoderma spp. (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) ante el plaguicida clorpirifós

Facundo Guillermo Alberto Carrizo; Florencia Romina Cruz; Analía Belén Estrada; Natalia María Elisa Avila Carreras; Luciano Matias Yañez; Marcos Javier Maldonado; Alejandra Eunice Romero

doi:10.30550/j.lil/2313

Authors

Facundo Guillermo Alberto Carrizo Grupo de Ecologia Urbana y Disturbios, Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CONICET https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3387-5010
Florencia Romina Cruz Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo y Transferencia para la producción de alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9396-2667
Analía Belén Estrada Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo y Transferencia para la producción de alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7606-3020
Natalia María Elisa Avila Carreras Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo y Transferencia para la producción de alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-1736
Luciano Matias Yañez Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo y Transferencia para la producción de alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1488-3129
Marcos Javier Maldonado Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo y Transferencia para la producción de alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina Instituto de Estudios Celulares, Genéticos y Moleculares - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina. Cátedra Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8819-554X
Alejandra Eunice Romero Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo y Transferencia para la producción de alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1996-8185

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2313

Keywords:

Bioremediation, environmental biotechnology, organophosphate degradation

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a chlorinated organophosphate pesticide widely used in agricultural crops, characterized by its environmental persistence and toxic effects on flora and fauna. The treatment of CP-contaminated soils aims to reduce contaminant concentrations; to this end, the use
of microorganisms represents a sustainable and economical alternative compared to physicochemical methods. Among filamentous fungi with potential for this purpose, the genus Trichoderma stands out due to its genetic diversity, ecological plasticity, high enzymatic capacity for degrading of complex compounds, versatile metabolism, and resistance to microbial inhibitors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of 11 native Trichoderma strains, isolated from soils of the Quebrada and Puna regions of Jujuy Province, to CP
exposure, and to determine their ability to degrade it under controlled laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the strains were exposed to contaminated media with 200 mg/L of CP, and variables such as mycelial growth, growth rate, percentage of mycelial growth inhibition, conidia production, and percentage of CP removal were measured. The results showed that the strains tolerated the presence of CP without significant effects on their growth or on the production of reproductive structures, and some exhibited increased sporulation, which could represent
an adaptive response to chemical stress. Differences in CP removal
efficiency were observed among strains, with several reaching removal rates exceeding 90%. These results demonstrat the potential of native Trichoderma strains for application in bioremediation strategies in CPcontaminated soils.

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