Morfo-anatomía floral, esporogénesis y gametogénesis en Ligaria cuneifolia (Loranthaceae)

Stella Maris Solís; Maria Silvia Ferrucci

doi:10.30550/j.lil/2258

Authors

Stella Maris Solís Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET). Corrientes, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8823-6282
Maria Silvia Ferrucci Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET). Corrientes, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-1188

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2258

Keywords:

Hemiparasites, hypostase, mamelon, megagametophytes, vascularization

Abstract

Loranthaceae comprises hemiparasitic, cosmopolitan plants. To provide information that contributes to a better understanding of the diversity in the Psittacantheae tribe and its phylogenetic relationships, the floral morpho-anatomy, vascularization, and formation of the microgametophyte and megagametophyte in Ligaria cuneifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh. (subtribe Ligarinae) were analyzed. It has bisexual, heteroclamydeous flowers with a red-orange perianth, arranged in solitary inflorescences; rudimentary calyx, and tubular hexamerous corolla. The vascularization pattern is simple; traces and complexes branch off from a central eustele to innervate the parts of the different floral whorls. The mesophyll of the perianth segments shows cells
containing phenolic compounds and abundant sclereids. The androecium is tridynamous. The young anther has a monocotyledonous-type of antheral wall, formed by an exothecium, an endothecium with fibrillar thickenings, parietal layers, and a secretory tapetum with the presence of orbicules. Microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis are normal, pollen grains are two-celled when shed. The dehiscence of the three superior anthers occurs before anthesis, while the style exceeds the length of the stamens, preventing self-pollination. The stylar nectary is structured, lacks innervation, and the nectar is secreted through nectarostomata. The gynoecium exhibits an inferior, syncarpous, unilocular ovary. Internally, the hypostase is centrally located and supports the mamelon. This structure is constituted by amyliferous and sporogenous tissue. Successive divisions of this tissue give rise to numerous Polygonum-type megagametophytes. These extend along the stylar canal, accompanied by amyliferous tissue, when the flower is in pre-anthesis. The style is straight, filiform, and the stigma is papillose. The presence of an ovary reduced to a single placenta with an independent mamelon appears to be associated with an evolutionary trait that does not compromise the fertility or viability of the embryo sacs. The results are discussed in relation to what is known about the family Loranthaceae.

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