Anatomical and physico-mechanical characteristics of Cenostigma pluviosum var. pelthophoroides (Fabaceae) wood decayed by Ganoderma australe (Basidiomycota, Polyporales)

Luci Kimie Okino; Ricardo Gomes de Freitas Nuno de Barros Pereira; Sérgio Brazolin; Takashi Yojo; Cassiano Oliveira de Souza; Adriana de Mello Gugliotta

doi:10.30550/j.lil/2022.59.2/2022.11.23

Autores/as

Luci Kimie Okino Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-2809
Ricardo Gomes de Freitas Nuno de Barros Pereira Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2751-0337
Sérgio Brazolin Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-9548
Takashi Yojo Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0695-6973
Cassiano Oliveira de Souza Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-1344
Adriana de Mello Gugliotta Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-7825

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2022.59.2/2022.11.23

Palabras clave:

Mechanical Properties, Simultaneous Rot, white rot, wood decay fungi

Resumen

Sibipiruna (Cenostigma pluviosum var. pelthophoroides) trees are common in the São Paulo city urban forest, but they may cause accidents when deteriorated by wood-decaying fungi due to trunk rupture and tree fall. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate anatomical, physical, and mechanical changes in sibipiruna wood attacked by Ganoderma australe. Adult trees with basidiomata of this fungus and at imminent fall risk were macro and microscopically analyzed to investigate wood biodeterioration and resistance mechanisms (compartmentalization). Physical and mechanical tests (specific gravity, mechanism of resistance and static bending) were performed. In sibipiruna trees, degradation was observed in the heartwood, being more intense in the region near the pith and more extensive at the stem base, from where basidiomata were collected. Fungal attack was characterized as white pocket rot, i.e. non-selective to cell wall components, causing erosion of the S2 layer from the cell lumen. Decaying wood was also attacked by xylophagous insects, like the subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi and wood-boring beetles. Wood compartmentalization was characterized by accumulation of extractives. White rot caused significant reductions in specific gravity, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, which justify the rupture of trees when subjected to external forces, such as strong winds.

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Biografía del autor/a

Luci Kimie Okino, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais

Possui graduação em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade de São Paulo (1990), mestrado em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (1996) e doutorado em Plantas Avasculares e Fungos pelo Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo (2017). Tem experiência na área de Microbiologia, com ênfase em Microbiologia Industrial e de Fermentação e também em arborização de praças e áreas verdes municipais atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: organoclorados, basidiomicetos, atividade biodegradadora, enzimas hidrolíticas e ligninolíticas, árvores urbanas, infecção por Ganoderma spp., e plantas ornamentais.

Ricardo Gomes de Freitas Nuno de Barros Pereira, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo

Possui graduação em Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas (2007) e Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas (2008) pela Universidade de São Paulo . Atualmente é Pesquisador Assistente do Laboratório de Tecnologia e Desempenho de Sistemas Construtivos do Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, onde desenvolve trabalhos nas seguintes áreas: resistência natural de madeira, resistência de madeira tratada, análise de estruturas de madeira, biodeterioração de sistemas construtivos.

Sérgio Brazolin, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo

Possui graduação em Bacharel e Licenciado em Ciencias Biologicas pelo Instituto de Biociências (1987), mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Madeiras (1998) e doutorado em Recursos Florestais (2009) pela ESALQ/USP. Atualmente é pesquisador do Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo. Tem experiência na área de microbiologia, com ênfase em Microbiologia Aplicada, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: biodeterioração e preservação de madeiras; biodeterioração e análise de risco de árvores; fungos apodrecedores; e insetos xilófagos (térmitas e brocas-de-madeira).

Takashi Yojo, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo

He holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the University of São Paulo (1977), a Master's in Civil Engineering (Structural Engineering) from the University of São Paulo (1988) and a PhD in Civil Engineering from the Polytechnic School (1993). He is currently Researcher at the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo. He has experience in Civil Engineering, with emphasis on Construction Materials and Components, working mainly on the following topics: wood, structural analysis, biodeterioration, biological health and historical heritage.

Cassiano Oliveira de Souza, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo

Bachelor in Physics from the University of São Paulo (2007) and Production Engineer from the Virtual University of the State of São Paulo (2019). He currently works as a researcher in the area of physical-mechanical properties of wood and derived products at LTDC - Laboratory of Technology and Performance of Constructive Systems, with the Center for Housing and Buildings - HE of the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT) . Experience in Physics, with emphasis on Condensed Matter Physics; and Chemistry, with an emphasis on Quality Control of sanitizing products;He works mainly on the following topics: physical-mechanical tests on wood and derived products, good laboratory practices, metrological confirmation, statistical process control.

Adriana de Mello Gugliotta, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais

Bachelor's at Ciências Biológicas from Universidade de São Paulo (1989), master's at Botany from Universidade de São Paulo (1994) and doctorate at Botany from Universidade de São Paulo (2001). Has experience in Botany, acting on the following subjects: basidiomicetos, biodiversidade, taxonomia, mata atlântica and biorremediação.

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