Eficiencia de Porcellio laevis (Isopoda: Porcellionidae) como removedor de cadmio en suelos agrícolas, a nivel de laboratorio

Melany  Francia Chang; Nicole  Dianderas Cordova; José Iannacone

doi:10.30550/j.azl/2241

Autores/as

Melany Francia Chang Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6700-2826
Nicole Dianderas Cordova Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-7298
José Iannacone Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-4732

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.azl/2241

Palabras clave:

bioacumulación, contaminación, metal pesado, mortalidad, remoción

Resumen

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficiencia del isópodo terrestre Porcellio laevis en la remoción de cadmio (Cd) de suelos agrícolas contaminados a nivel de laboratorio. El estudio empleó un diseño experimental con cinco dosis y cuatro repeticiones, utilizando cloruro de cadmio (CdCl2) como contaminante. Se prepararon 10 kg de suelo franco arcilloso y se establecieron, un control, y cuatro dosis de Cd: 20 mg.Kg-1 (T1), 80 mg.Kg-1 (T2), 240 mg.Kg-1 (T3) y 400 mg.Kg-1 (T4). Se introdujeron 40 individuos de P. laevis por dosis y se incubaron durante 60 días. Se analizaron las características fisicoquímicas del suelo y las dosis de Cd en los suelos, y en los isópodos al inicio, y al final del estudio. Se evaluó la remoción de Cd (%R) y el factor de bioacumulación (FBA). Los resultados revelaron tasas de remoción de Cd del suelo que incrementaron con la dosis inicial de Cd y el tiempo de exposición, alcanzando un 86,9% en el tratamiento con 400 mg.Kg-1 Cd. Sin embargo, la tasa de mortalidad aumentó significativamente con la dosis de Cd, alcanzando un 92,5% en los tratamientos con 240 y 400 mg.Kg-1 Cd al final del estudio. Esta exposición al Cd provocó cambios morfológicos significativos en los isópodos, incluyendo reducción de tamaño, alteraciones en la pigmentación y deformidades en el caparazón. Estos hallazgos sugieren que P. laevis es un bioacumulador eficaz para la remediación de suelos agrícolas contaminados con Cd.

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