La temperatura, factor subestimado en la interpretación estructural multiescalar y de objetivos exploratorios de fluidos energéticos
una revisión
Autores/as
-
Eduardo Antonio Rossello
IGEBA-CONICET, Depto. Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-9956
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30550/j.agl/2340
Palabras clave:
Gradiente geotérmico, deformación, petrofísica, recursos energéticos fluidosResumen
Se describen las principales características y propiedades de la temperatura que contribuyen con el comportamiento del control multiescalar estructural de litologías que emplazan los fluidos energéticos (hidrocarburos, hidrógeno, agua, etc.). Así, se contribuye con el ajuste y pronóstico con mayor eficiencia de las interpretaciones temporoespaciales que determinan las actividades prospectivas, exploradoras y productoras. La temperatura es una propiedad física específica omnipresente en todos los materiales como su grado de calor o frío que expresa la energía cinética de sus partículas constituyentes. La variación de la temperatura modifica características reológicas, tectónicas y petrofísicas de las rocas y los fluidos que pueda contener. Así, un aumento de la temperatura en ambientes profundos por influencia del gradiente geotérmico provocará un incremento de su volumen por dilatación y una disminución de su resistencia. De este modo, un campo de esfuerzo responsable que supere el límite de resistencia de una roca, producirá deformaciones continuas desprovistas de fracturas y tenderá a homogeneizar la respuesta de conjuntos de litologías con propiedades anisotrópicas dependientes de las escalas que los involucran. Las variaciones morfológicas y volumétricas producidas por la temperatura son dependientes de las características anisotrópicas de los materiales que condicionan tridimensionalmente la dilatación-contracción y la conductibilidad termal. Cambios mínimos de temperatura pueden ser influyentes para facilitar o impedir las relaciones y comportamientos fluido-reservorio relacionados con la solubilidad, viscosidad, densidad, conductividad eléctrica y térmica. Además, los cambios de temperatura modifican las densidades que controlan el diapirismo tanto ígneo como sedimentario y la posición de la criósfera determina la cota máxima de los relieves montañosos.
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