Evaluation of growth and microhistological characteristics of Panicum coloratum and Urochloa brizantha under cutting frequencies based on leaf lifespan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2173Keywords:
Defoliation; in-sacco degradability; nutritional quality; remnant tissues; C4 forages.Abstract
The displacement of livestock farming towards subtropical areas has increased interest in understanding growth patterns and anatomical characteristics that determine the nutritional quality of megathermic pastures under different management strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two cutting frequencies based on average leaf lifespan values, on the growth and nutritional quality of Panicum coloratum and Urochloa brizantha at individual plant and canopy scales. At the individual level, eight plants of each species were established in 10-liter pots. At the canopy level, eight plots of 9 m2 were established, four of U. brizantha and four of P. coloratum. A completely randomized design with two cutting frequencies and four replicates (n=4) was employed. Two cutting treatments based on leaf lifespan (LLS) were applied: Control Frequency (FT, 100% LLS) and High Frequency (AF, 50% LLS). Quality was estimated by ruminal post-incubation microhistology. The frequency of defoliation modified the structure, forage supply and histological characteristics, influencing nutritional quality, exhibiting differential patterns between species. An earlier defoliation than the LLS resulted in lower forage supply, but with a rapidly degradable leaf tissue, which was more usable by ruminal microorganisms, implying improved quality. Tiller density increased in P. coloratum and decreased in U. brizantha, although this effect was not sustained over time, possibly due to limitations in environmental resources. This information provides an approximation to understanding the relationship defoliation frequency and quality, which will allow establishing management strategies for these species according to their intended productive objective.
Downloads
References
Acunha, J. B. V. y Coelho, R. W. (1997). Efeito da altura e intervalo de corte do capim-elefante-anão. I. Produção e qualidade da forragem. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 32 (1): 117-122.
Agnusdei, M. G, Di marco, O. N., Nenning, F. R. y Aello, M. S. (2011). Leaf blade nutritional quality of rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) as affected by leaf age and length. Crop and Pasture Science 62: 1098-1105. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP11164
Akin, D. E. y Burdick, B. (1975). Percentage of tissue types in tropical and temperate grass leaf blades and degradation of tissues by rumen microorganisms. Crop Science 15 (5): 661-668. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1975.0011183X001500050015x
Alexandrino, E., Nascimiento, J. D., Ragazzi, A. J., Mosquim, P. R, Cipriano Rocha, F. y Souza, D. P. (2005). Características morfogênicas e estruturais da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu submetida a diferentes doses de nitrogênio e freqüências de cortes. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, Maringá 27 (1):17-24.
Arriaga, M. O., Jaurena, G., Fernández Pepi M. G. y Stampacchio, M. L. (2013). Anatomía cuantitativa en seis especies de gramíneas megatémicas. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 48 (supl): 135.
Avila R. Barbera, P., Blanco, L., Burghi, V., De Battista, J. P., Frasinelli, C., Frigerio Gándara, K., Goldfarb, M. C., Griffa, S., Grunberg, K., Leal, K., Kunst, C., Lacorte, S., Lauric, A., Martínez Calsina, L., Mc Lean, G., Nenning, F., Otondo, J., Petruzzi, H., Pizzio, R., Romero, L., Stritzler, N., Tomas, M. A., Carbonell, C., Ugarte, C. y Veneciano, J. (2014). Gramíneas forrajeras para el subtrópico y el semiárido central de la Argentina. INTA.
Bandera, R., Bertram, N. A., Bolleta, S., Chiacchiera Ferri, J. M., Galíndez, G., Lauric, A., Malagrina, G., Otondo, J., Petruzzi, H., Striztler N. y Torres Carbonell, C. (2013). Las gramíneas forrajeras megatérmicas en la región templada de Argentina. INTA.
Bauer, M. O., Alves Pacheco, L. P., Chichorro, J. F., Vasconcelos, L. V., y Campos Pereira, D. F. (2011). Produção e características estruturais de cinco forrageiras do gênero brachiaria sob intensidades de cortes intermitentes. Ciência Animal Brasileira, Goiânia 12(1): 17-25. https://doi.org/10.5216/cab.v12i1.4817
Berone G. D., Lattanzi, F. A., Agnusdei, M. G. y Bertolotti, N. (2008). Growth of individual tillers and tillering rate of Lolium perenne and Bromus stamineus subjected to two defoliation frequencies in winter in Argentina. Grass and Forage Science 63: 504-512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2008.00655.x
Bruno, J. B. (2023). Frecuencia óptima de defoliación; compromiso entre calidady productividad en dos gramíneas C4. Tesis de grado. Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad de Buenos Aires (FAUBA).
Casal, J. J, Deregibus, V. A. y Sanchez, R. A. (1985). Variation in tiller dynamics and morphology in Lolium multiflorum Lam. vegetative and reproductive plant as affected by differences in red/far red irradiation. Annals of Botany 56: 553-559. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087040
Cowan, R. T., Moss, R. J. y Kerr, D. V. (1993). Northern dairy feedbase (2001). 2. Summer feeding systems. Tropical Grasslands 27: 150-161.
D’ Ambrogio de Argüeso, A. (1986). Manual de técnicas de histología vegetal. Editorial Hemisferio Sur.
Detmann, E., Paulino, M. F. y Valadares Filho, S. C. (2008). Avaliac¸ ão nutricional de alimentos ou de dietas? Uma abordagem conceitual. Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Beef Cattle Production, Viçosa, Brazil: 21-52.
Di Rienzo, J., Balzarini, M., Gonzalez, L., Casanoves, F., Tablada, M., y Walter Robledo, C. (2010). Infostat: software para análisis estadístico (1º Ed). Grupo InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Editorial Brujas.
Donaghy, D. J. y Fulkerson, W. J. (1997). The importance of watersoluble carbohydrate reserves on regrowth and root growth of Lolium perenne L. Grass and Forage Science 52: 401-407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1997.tb02372.x
Donaghy, D. J., Turner, L. R. y Adamczewski, K. A. (2008). Effect of defoliation management on water –soluble carbohydrate energy reserves, dry matter yields, and herbage quality of Tall Fescue. Agronomy Journal 100 (1): 122- 127. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0016
Echenique, V., Pessino, S., Díaz, M., Selva, J. P., Luciani, G., Zappacosta, D. M., Cervigni, G., Meier, M., Garbus, I., Cardone, S., Miranda, R. y Spangenberg, G. (2008). Aportes de la biotecnología al mejoramiento del pasto llorón (Eragrostis curvula). Revista Argentina de Producción Animal 28 (2): 147-164.
Ehrlich, W. H., Cowan, R. T. y Lowe, K. F. (2003a). Managing rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) cv. Callide to improve diet quality. 1. Effects of age of regrowth, strip grazing and mulching. Tropical Grasslands 37 (1): 33-44.
Ehrlich, W.H., Cowan, R.T. y Lowe, K.F. (2003b). Managing rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) cv. Callide to improve diet quality. 2. Effects of stocking rate and irrigation frequency. Tropical Grasslands 37 (1): 45–52.
Elizalde, J. y Riffel, S. L. (2016). Algunas consideraciones sobre la utilización de pasturas megatérmicas. Jornada a campo del IPCVA. Libro de Resúmenes. Cruz del Eje, Córdoba.
Fernández Pepi, M. G., Ortiz Ochura, A., Zucol, A. F. y Jaurena G. (2016). Degradabilidad in sacco de Festuca arundinacea Schreb (Poaceae) en ovejas (Ovis aries) y llamas (Lama glama). Lilloa 53 (2): 186-192.
https://www.lillo.org.ar/journals/index.php/lilloa/article/view/109
Ferri, C. M., Jouve, V. V. y Sáenz, A. M. (2017). Manejo de la defoliación de mijo perenne (Panicum coloratum L. var coloratum) cv. Verde. Phyton 86: 190-198. https://cerac.unlpam.edu.ar/index.php/semiarida/article/view/2199
Fulkerson, W. J. y Donaghy, D. J. (2001). Plant-soluble carbohydrate reserves and senescence-key criteria for developing an effective grazing management system for ryegrass-based pastures: a review. Australian journal of experimental agriculture 41 (2): 261-275. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA00062
Fulkerson, W. y Slack, K. (1994). Leaf number as a criterion for determining defoliation time for Lolium perenne. Effect of water-soluble carbohydrates and senescence. Grass and Forage Science 49: 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1994.tb02013.x
Gatti, M. L., Ayala Torales, A. T., Cipriotti, P. A. y Golluscio, R. A. (2013). Leaf and tiller dynamics in two competing C3 grass species: influence of neighbours and nitrogen on morphogenetic traits. Grass and Forage Science 68 (1): 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00881.x
Gatti M. L., Ayala Torales, A. T., Cipriotti, P. A. y Golluscio, R. A. (2017). Effects of defoliation frequency and nitrogen fertilization on the production and potential for persistence of Dactylis glomerata sown in multispecies swards. Grass and Forage Science 72 (3): 489- 501. https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12245
Griggs, T. C., MacAdam, J. W., Mayland, H. F. y Burns, J. C. (2007). Temporal and vertical distribution of nonstructural carbohydrate, fiber, protein, and digestibility levels in orchardgrass swards. Agronomy Journal 99 (3): 755-763. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0036
Grimoldi, A. A., Oesterheld, M. y Cavagnaro, R. (2015). Efectos de la relación entre hongos micorrícicos arbusculares y gramíneas forrajeras bajo defoliación y distinto suministro de fósforo. (Tesis Doctoral), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Recuperado de http://ri.agro.uba.ar/greenstone3/library/page/biblioteca#section4
Hirata, M. y Pakinding, W. (2002). Dynamics in tiller weight and its association with herbage mass and tiller density in a bahia grass (Paspalum notatum) pasture under cattle grazing. Tropical Grasslands 36: 24-32.
Imaz, J. A., Giménez, D. O., Grimoldi, A. A. y Striker, G. G. (2012). The effects of submergence on anatomical, morphological and biomass allocation responses of tropical grasses Chloris gayana and Panicum coloratum at seedling stage. Crop and Pasture Science 63:1145-1155. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP12335
Jaurena, G. y Danelón, J. L. (2006). Tabla de composición de alimentos para rumiantes de la región pampeana argentina. Editorial Hemisferio Sur.
Jaurena, G., Fernández Pepi, M. G. y Wawrzkiewicz, M. (2023). Herramientas para la evaluación de alimentos para ruminates. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía UBA 43 (1): 87-100.
Kondo, T., Watanabe, T., Ohhita, T. y Kyuma, T. (1998). Physicochemical characteristics of soluble lignin fractions released from forage grasses by ruminant digestion. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly - JARQ 32: 187- 195.
Leal. K., Ferrando, C. Molina, J., Luján, R. y Avila, R. (2010). Efecto de la frecuencia de corte sobre calidad y porcentaje de hoja de especies introducidas. Revista Argentina de Producción Animal 30 (1): 362-363.
Lemaire, G. (2021). Ecophysiology of grassland: Dynamic aspects of forage plant populations in grazed swards. En: J.A. Gomide, W.R.S. Mattos, S.C. Silva (Eds.), Proceedings XIX International Grassland Congress (pp. 1- 25). São Paulo: IGC Proceedings.
Lemaire, G. y Agnusdei, M. (2000). Leaf tissue turnover and efficiency of herbage utilization. En: G. Lemaire, J. Hodgson, A. de Moraes, C. Nabinger, P.C. de F. Carvalho (Eds.) Grassland ecophysiology and grazing ecology (pp. 265-287). London: CABI Publishing.
Lemaire, G. y Chapman, D. (1996). Tissue flows in grazed plant communities. En: J. Hodgson, A. W. Illius (Eds.), The Ecology and Management of Grazing Systems (pp. 3-35). Wallingford: CAB International.
Mari, L. J. (2003). Intervalo entre cortes em capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf cv. Marandu): produção, valor nutritivoe perdas associadas à fermentação da silagem. Piracicaba: Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. fermentação da silage. Dissertação (mestrado), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz.
Matthew, C., Assuero, S. G., Black, C. K. y Sackville Hamilton, N. R. (2000). Tiller dynamics of grazed swards. En: G. Lemaire, J. Hodgson, A. de Moraes, C. Nabinger, P.C. de F. Carvalho (Eds.) Grassland ecophysiology and grazing ecology (pp. 127-150). London: CABI Publishing.
Maurig, M. V. y Bernardis, A. C. (2017). Producción de biomasa de Brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha) cv. Marandú en dos sistemas silvopastoriles de pino (Pinus elliottii) en Corrientes, Argentina. Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences 33 (2): 124-135. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0719-38902017005000402
Ocumpaugh, W. R. y Matches, A. G. (1977). Autumn?Winter Yield and Quality of Tall Fescue. Agronomy journal 69 (4): 639-643. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1977.00021962006900040030x
Pariz, C. M., Andreotti, M., Bergamaschine, A. F., Buzetti, S., Costa, N. R. y Cavallini, M. C. (2011). Produção, composição bromatológica e índice de clorofila de braquiárias após o consórcio com milho. Archivos de zootecnia 60 (232): 1041-1052. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0004-05922011000400020
Pembleton, K. G., Loww, K. F. y Bahnisch, L. M. (2009). Utilizing leaf number as an indicator for defoliation to restrict stem growth in Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) cv. Callide. Tropical Grasslands 43: 79-85.
Petruzzi, H. J., Strizler, N. P., Adema, E. O., Ferri, C. M. y Pagella, J. H. (2003). Mijo perenne. Publicación Técnica Nº 51, EEA Anguil “Ing. Agr. Guillermo Covas”, INTA.
Rawnsley, R. P., Donaghy, D. J., Fulkerson, W. J., y Lane, P. A. (2002). Changes in the physiology and feed quality of cooksfoot (Dactilys glomerata) during regrowth. Grass and Forage Science 57 (3): 203-207. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00318.x
Ricci, H. R. (2005). Descripción del comportamiento de 4 forrajeras de gramíneas tropicales a través de variables cuali y cuantitativas. Libro de Resúmenes. Tercera Reunión de Producción vegetal y primera de producción animal del NOA. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán.
Rodrigues, L. F., dos Santos, A. C., Silveira, O. J. y Donizetti dos Santos, J. G. (2017). Productivity of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ influenced by strategic rest periods and nitrogen levels. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina. 38 (5): 3203-3214. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p3203
Rueden, C. T., Schindelin, J., Hiner, M. C., De Zonia, B. E., Walter, A. E., Arena, E. T. y Eliceiri, K. W. (2017). ImageJ2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data. BMC bioinformatics 18 (1): 529.
Ruggieri, A. C., Favoretto, V. y Malheiros, E. B. (1995). Efeito de níveis de nitrogênio e regimes de corte na distribuição, na composição bromatológica e na digestibilidade "in vitro" da matéria seca da Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst) Stapf. cv. Marandu. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 24 (1): 21-31.
Sala, O. E. y Austin, A. T. (2000). Methods of estimating aboveground net primary productivity. En: O. E. Sala, R. B. Jackson, H. A. Mooney, R. W. Howarth (Eds.), Methods in Ecosystem Science. (pp. 31-43). New York: Springer New York.
Sbrissia, A. F., Da Silva, S. C., Carvalho, C. A. B., Carnevalli, R. A., Pinto, L. F. M., Fagundes, J. L. y Pedreira. C. G. S. (2001). Tiller size-density compensation in grazed coastcross bermudagrass swards. Scientia Agricola 58: 655-665. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162001000400002
Sbrissia, A. F., Da Silva, S. C., Matthew, C., de Carvalho, C. A. B., Carnevalli, R. A., de Moura Pinto, L. F, Fagundes, J. L. y Silveira Pedreira, C. G. (2003). Tiller size density compensation in grazed Tifton 85 bermudagrass swards. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 38: 1459-1468. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2003001200013
Tyrone Clavero, C. (1993). Efecto de la defoliación sobre el crecimiento, área foliar e intercepción de luz en pastos tropicales. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia 10: 1: 57-67.
Ugarte, C. (2014). Ecofisiología de plantas forrajeras. Recuperado de http://inta. gob. ar/documentos/ecofisiologia-plantas-/at_multi_download/file/INTA_VyE_NRO27.
van Soest, P. J. (1967). Development of a comprehensive system of feed analyses and its application to forages. Journal of Animal Science 26 (1): 119-28.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1967.261119x
van Soest, P. J. (1982). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant (1º Ed). Cornell University Press.
van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant (2º Ed). Cornell University Press.
Wilson, R. y Hatfield, R. D. (1997). Structural and chemical changes of cell wall types during stem development: Consequence for fiber degradation rumen microflora. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48: 16-180. https://doi.org/10.1071/A96051
Wilson, J. R. y Mertens, D. R. (1995) Cell wall accessibility and cell structure limitations to microbial digestion of forage. Crop Science 35 (1): 251-259. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500010046x
Zago, C. P. y Gomide, J. A. (1982). Valor nutritivo do capim-colonião, submetido a diferentes intervalos de corte, com e sem adubação de reposição. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia 11 (3): 512- 528.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 1900 Lilloa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
