Optimization of a bioactive compound extraction procedure and micrographic analysis of inflorescences from two medicinal Cannabis strains cultivated in Tucumán (Argentina)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/1987Keywords:
Medicinal Cannabis, extracts, resins, cannabinoids, phenolic compoundsAbstract
Cannabis sativa L. is a rich species in several special or secondary metabolites, among them cannabinoids, terpenes, and phenolic compounds stand out, recognized for their synergistic contributions to the aroma, flavor, and therapeutic properties of the plant. Cannabinoids are the best-known metabolites of cannabis, with more than 100 identified thus far. These compounds interact with the endocannabinoid system of the human body to produce various physiological effects, being together with phenols and terpenes the main Pharmacologically Active ingredients (PAI) of Cannabis-based plant products for use and application in human medicine. The quantity, quality, oxidation state, and therapeutic properties of PAI can vary widely depending on the strain used, the cultivation method, the harvesting process, the curing of the herbal material, and the extraction technique used, among others. In this context, obtaining standardized Cannabis-based products is important to achieve quality medical drugs that offer safety and efficacy. The aim of this research was to characterize the morpho-anatomy of the inflorescences (without leaves) of two strains of Cannabis grown for medicinal purposes in the province of Tucumán, optimize extraction techniques to obtain standardized extracts in phenolic and terpene-phenolic compounds, and evaluate their antioxidant capacity. For this purpose, inflorescences of two Cannabis strains, INBIO-1 and 2, grown under controlled conditions in Tucumán province, were selected. They were characterized macro- and microscopically employing conventional histological techniques. Part of the material was dried in an oven and fragmented, to then proceed to optimize the extraction of the PAIs. Extractions were tested using 96° ethanol at two temperatures (5 and 40 °C) and three different ratios of plant material (pM) to solvent (S) (1/10, 1/20, and 1/40). It was demonstrated that the plant material/solvent pM/S ratio, temperature, and strain used determine the qualitative and quantitative profile of the extracted metabolites and their antioxidant activity. The extracts obtained from local Cannabis strains were standardized with a conventional methodology, selecting the conditions for the most efficient extraction of bioactive compounds.
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