Competencia entre Nothofagus obliqua y Pinus ponderosa: efectos sobre su crecimiento y comunidades ectomicorrícicas asociadas
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https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2093Palabras clave:
Competencia, diversidad, invasiones, micorrizas, restauraciónResumen
La competencia entre especies vegetales puede influir significativamente en el crecimiento y las asociaciones simbióticas de las plantas, lo cual es particularmente importante tanto en procesos de restauración ecológica como de invasión. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto la competencia entre Nothofagus obliqua y Pinus ponderosa sobre el crecimiento de las plantas, su colonización por hongos ectomicorrícicos y la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de estos simbiontes, creciendo tanto en suelo de bosque nativo como en suelo de plantación de pino. Los resultados mostraron que el crecimiento de ambas especies fue mayor en suelos de bosque nativo, probablemente debido a su mayor contenido nutricional. Sin embargo, contrariamente a lo esperado, los efectos de la competencia fueron nulos o incluso positivos, especialmente para N. obliqua. Estos hallazgos sugieren una coexistencia facilitada por diferencias en las estrategias de uso de recursos. En cuanto a las micorrizas, cada especie presentó mayores niveles de colonización en suelos previamente dominados por su misma especie. A pesar de esto, ambos suelos mostraron una composición taxonómica y funcional distintiva, destacando una mayor diversidad en general en suelos de plantación. Sin embargo, los hongos con alto contenido de melanina, cruciales para enfrentar estrés hídrico, estuvieron ausentes en este suelo. Nuestros resultados resaltan el potencial invasor de P. ponderosa y el potencial de N. obliqua para restaurar ambientes convertidos en plantaciones de pino. Además, estos resultados destacan la importancia de considerar las comunidades de hongos simbióticos en estos esfuerzos, y que la introducción de inóculos micorrícicos podría ser clave para maximizar el éxito de las restauraciones en suelos degradados.
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