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GEM

Geographically explicit Event Model

GEM (Geographically explicit Event Model) is a method for phylogenetic biogeography to infer both biogeographic events (vicariance, full copy sympatry, point sympatry, and founder event) and geographic ranges at the internal nodes of a tree, if you have the explicit geographic ranges of the terminals.

GEM is based on Hovenkamp's ideas [1, 2] on using explicit distribution ranges in biogeography, on Ronquist's DIVA [3] on using and scoring events, as well as in the implementation of the Spatial analysis of vicariance [4], on geographic data models and algorithm mechanics.

It provides further development of the ideas presented in [4], and supersedes my older program, VIP

Implementation

GEM is implementated in two pilot programs available as Windows and Linux executables, as well in source code (available under BSD-2 license).

References

[1] Hovenkamp, P. 1997. Vicariance events, not areas, should be used in biogeographical analysis. Cladistics 13: 67. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1997.tb00241.x.
[2] Hovenkamp, P. 2001. A direct method for the analysis of vicariance patterns. Cladistics 17: 260. DOI: 10.1006/clad.2001.0176.
[3] Ronquist, F. 1997. Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis: A new approach to the quatification of historical biogeography. Systematic Biology 46: 195-203. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/46.1.195.
[4] Arias, J.S., Szumik, C.A., Goloboff, P.A. 2011. Spatial analysis of vicariance: A method for using direct geographical information in historical biogeography. Cladistics 27: 617-628. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00353.x.


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