Gloeocantharellus corneri (Gomphales, Basidiomycota) from the Brazilian Amazonia
Gloeocantharellus corneri (Gomphales, Basidiomycota) para la Amazonía brasileña
Felipe Wartchow 1*
; Victor R. M. Coimbra 2
; Mariana A. C. Sá 3
1Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia/CCEN, CEP: 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
2Avenida 30 de Outubro, 695, Jardim São Paulo, 50790-130, Recife, PE, Brazil.
3Centro Universitário João Pessoa – UNIPÊ, Rodovia BR-230, km 22, s/n, Água Fria, 58053-000, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
* Autor corresponsal: fwartchow@yahoo.com.br
ABSTRACT
Recent collection of Gloeocantharellus corneri is discovered from Amazonia in the State of Pará, North Brazil. Description, discussion, drawings and photographs are provided.
Keywords: Agaricomycetes; Neotropic; Phallomycetidae; taxonomy.
RESUMEN
Colecta reciente de Gloeocantharellus corneri es descubierta para la Amazonía del es tado de Pará, Norte de Brasil. El trabajo provee una descripción, discusión, diseños y fotografías.
Palabras clave: Agaricomycetes; Neotrópico; Phallomycetidae; taxonomía.
Original recibido el 7 de julio 2022,
aceptado el 24 de octubre 2022.
Publicado en línea el 8 de noviembre 2022.
INTRODUCTION
Gloeocantharellus Singer was described as close to Gomphus Pers., with G. purpurascens (Hesler) Singer as type species (Singer, 1945). It was for long time considered a problematic genus (e.g., Corner, 1969; González-Ávila et al., 2020, Ralaiveloarisoa et al., 2021). Linderomyces Singer and Gomphus sect. Gloeocantharellus (Singer ) R.H. Petersen are some generic/infrageneric interpretation of this group of fungi (Singer, 1947; Petersen, 1974), including the recent unpublished thesis by Linhares (2018), who proposed to synonym Gleocantharellus with Phyllobolites Singer based on molecular data.
The discovery of G. corneri from the western region of the biome Amazonia (sensu IBGE, 2004, 2012) is highlighted here, corresponding to a new distributional record from North Brazil far from southern original records of this species in this country.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The “Floresta Nacional de Caxiaunã” (01°37’14”–02°15’01”S and 51°15’12”–51°56’02”W), located in the municipalities of Melgaço and Portel, in the State of Pará, has an area of about 200,000 ha (Montag et al., 2008; ICMBio, 2012). The region is characterized as having variable phytofisionomies, as for example, dense forest, flooded forest (‘várzea’ and ‘igapó’), savanna, secondary vegetation, and residual vegetation in farmrlands (Almeida et al., 1993; Gama et al., 2005; Silva & Rosário, 2008; Bezerra, 2009).
Microscopic observations of the hymenial elements were made after the wedge of tissue containing many lamellae was removed from pileus, and then a transversal section is performed; they were mounted in 3% KOH, Congo red solution and Melzer’s reagent (Largent et al., 1977; Singer, 1986; Pereira & Putzke, 1989). Color codes follow ‘OAC’ (Online Auction Color, 2004). Presentation of basidiospores data follows the methodology proposed by Tulloss et al. (1992), slightly modified here: abbreviations include L (W) = average basidiospore length (width), Q = the length: width ratio range as determined from all measured basidiospores, and Qm = the Q value averaged from all basidiospores measured. Measurements and statistics are based on 30 spores. The specimen is deposited in the Herbarium JPB (Thiers, 2022).
TAXONOMY
Gloeocantharellus corneri (Singer) Corner, Nova Hedwigia 18: 799. 1969. Figs. 1-3. ≡ Linderomyces corneri Singer, Vellozia 1: 14. 1961.
Pileus 55–71 mm diam., plane-convex, glabrous, dry, smooth, light yellow (KW 4A5), reddish yellow (KW 4A6), deep orange (KW 6A8), reddish orange (KW 7B8) to orange red (KW 8A8), margin irregularly undulate. HymenoPHore lamellate, decurrent, yellowish white (KW 4A2) to orange white (KW 5A2), subdistant, thin, lamellulae of three lengths, edge even. stiPe 55–87 × 9–16 mm, cylindric, central to eccentric, tapering downwards, partially rooting, yellowish white (KW 4A2) to reddish orange (KW 7B8) apically, becoming orange grey (KW 5B2) downwards, sometimes covered by brownish hairs, fibrous, hollow. Context yellowish white (KW 1A2), unchanging. Odor fungal, weak. Taste none, slightly peppery.
Fig. 1.
Gloeocantharellus corneri. Basidiomes in situ. Bar = 10 mm.
Fig. 1.
Gloeocantharellus corneri. Basidiomas in situ. Barra = 10 mm.
BasidiosPores 10–13 × 5–6.5 µm (L = 11.6 µm; W = 5.7 µm; Q= (1.61–) 1.83– 2.20 (–2.40); Qm= 2.04], ellipsoid to amygdaliform, rugulose/verrucose, pale golden in KOH, cyanophilous, inamyloid, thick-walled; hilar appendix subapical. Basidia 35–52 (–57) × 7.5–11.5 µm, clavate, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled, 4-sterigmata. Pleurocystidia as gloeocystidia 45–78 (–93) × 5.5–11 µm, mainly subfusiform, tortuous, with mostly tapered to subacute sometimes subobtuse apex, with yellowish refractive content in KOH, arising from lamellar trama, thin-walled, cyanophilous. cHeilocystidia 39–52 × 8–9 µm, inconspicuous, rare, fusoid to distorted sublanceolate, hyaline, thin-walled. PileiPellis a cutis made of interwoven hyphae of 4–11 µm diam., hyaline in KOH, with reddish brown granular to vacuolar in Melzer’s reagent, thin walled. lamellar trama sub-regular, made of loosely interwoven hyphae of 3–6 µm, hyaline, thin-walled; gloeopherous hyphae abundant, 4–9 µm diam., flexuous, with yellowish refractive content in KOH, cyanophilous, thin-walled. stiPitiPellis interwoven, with distorted cylindrical, clavate to ventricose elements with 20–30 (–48) × 7.5–11.5 µm, inconspicuous, sometimes lobed or weakly diverticulate, hyaline, thin-walled. caulocystidia 38–58 (–80) × 4.5–8 µm, narrowly clavate to lanceolate, with yellowish refractive content in KOH, cyanophilous, thin-walled. clamP connections abundant.
Habitat.— Growing in small groups on forest soil.
Fig. 2.
Gloeocantharellus corneri. A) Basidiospores. B) Cystidioid bodies of lamellae edge. C) Basidia. D) Gloeocystidium. Bar =10 µm.
Fig. 2.
Gloeocantharellus corneri. A) Basidiosporas. B) Cuerpos cistidioides del margen de la laminilla. C) Basidios. D) Gleocistidios. Barra =10 µm.
Material examined.— BRAZIL. Pará, Portel/Melgaço, FLONA do Caxiuanã, 26-I- 2014, V.R.M. Coimbra & A.M.S. Soares VCOC 132 (JPB63971).
Notes.— Gloeocantharellus corneri can be characterized by its pileus with orange tonalities, yellowish to pale orange/ochraceous lamellae, radicant stipe, basidiospores size, and gloeocystidia presenting tapering/subacute apex [Corner, 1969; Petersen, 1974 as Linderomyces corneri; Watling & de Meijer, 1997; Giachini, 2004; Linhares, 2018 as ‘Phyllobolites corneri (Singer) Linhares & M.A. Neves’ nom. prov.].
Phyllobolites miniatus (Rick) Singer is somewhat similar. It was originally de- scribed as Paxillus miniatus Rick from South Brazil as a fungus with whitish pruina over a ‘miniato’ (Latin for ‘red lead’ color, Borror, 1966) pileus surface, sordid white decurrent lamellae, yellowish verrucose basidiospores 7–10 × 4–6 µm, and growing solitary on soil (Rick, 1906). Later, Singer (1981) elected a neotype basing in spec- imens discovered from Manaus (state of Amazonas) with red pileus, non-rooting white stipe with a fugacious annulus at very apex, basidiospores 9–12 × 5.7–6.3 µm, and versiform cystidia but often cylindric to fusiform or subclavate usually obtusely rounded at the tip. More recently, Linhares (2018) studied the neotipe and redescribed the microscopic features: she reported basidiospores similar in size to G. corneri (9.5–) 10–13.5 (–14) × (4–) 4.5–6 (–6.5) µm (Qm = 2.18), but the gloeocystidia shape was confirmed as having mostly obtuse apex.
In the Neotropics, at least two additional species with similar basidiome characteristics are known: the Colombian G. uitotanus Vasco-Pal. & Franco-Mol. differs in the reddish pileus, subdecurrent and anastomosing (near the stipe) lamellae, shorter basidiospores (8–) 8.8–12 × (4–) 4.8–6 (–6.4) µm with average = 9.5 × 5 µm and Qm= 1.89 [8.5–10.5 (–11) x 4–6 µm (Qm = 1.97) according to Linhares, 2018), and cylindrical-elongated fusiform to lanceolate with tapered or obtuse apex gloeocystidia (Vasco-Palácios & Franco-Molano, 2005). Also, G. aculeatus Linhares, Daniëls & M.A. Neves from South Brazil is similar to G. corneri in the orange tints pileus, but differs in the smaller basidiospores (8.5–) 9.0–10.5 (–11.0) × 5.0–6.0 µm ( X = 9.43 × 5.50 µm) (Q = 1.73) with prominent apically rounded aculei, and subventricose gloeocystidia bearing obtuse to subacute apex (Linhares et al., 2016).
Fig. 3.
Gloeocantharellus corneri. A) Basidiospores. B) Basidiospores and a gloeocystidium. C-D) Gloeocystidium.
Fig. 3.
Gloeocantharellus corneri. A) Basidiosporas. B) Basidiosporas y un gleocistidio. C-D) Gleocistidios.
Although Gloeocantharellus is sometimes considered as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) genus (e.g., Comandini et al., 2012; Sulzbacher et al., 2013), no information regarding to trophic model of this collection was obtained. However, it is know that are in the region some ectotrophic type forests (sensu Singer & Araújo, 1979; Singer & Aguiar, 1986), as ‘igapó’ and ‘campinarana’ (Ferreira et al., 2014; Garcia et al., 2014; Carvalho et al., 2021).
Known from Atlantic Forests (sensu IBGE, 2004, 2012) of the states of Rio de Janeiro (Corner, 1969) and Paraná (Watling & de Meijer, 1997), our study expands the geographic record of G. corneri to west Amazon in the state of Pará.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank Dr. Rivete S. Lima (‘Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal’,UF- PB), Dr. Tatiana B. Gibertoni (Departamento de Micologia, UFPE), INCT Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos (Proc. 573883/2008-4), and Sisbiota (Proc. 371493/20129) for supported VRMC during his PhD. The ‘Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvi- mento Científico e Tecnológico’ (CNPq) is acknowledged for funding the projects ‘Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade’ (PPBio Proc. 60/2009), ‘Fungos agaricoides em áreas de Mata Atlântica e Caatinga no Estado da Paraíba’ (Edital Universal Proc. 420.448/2016-0) and ‘Produtividade em Pesquisa’ grant (Proc. 307922/2014-6, Proc. 307947/2017-3 and Proc. 309652/2020-0) to FW. Universidade Federal da Paraíba (‘Chamada Interna Produtividade em Pesquisa’ PROPESQ/UFPB Nº 06/2021 Cód. PVA13212-2020) is also acknowledged here. We also need thank Dr. Maria Regina Barbosa and TAXON Laboratory for the facilities provided.
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